Difference between revisions of "Ubuntu"
(→Random Info) |
(→PKG Management) |
||
Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
=PKG Management= | =PKG Management= | ||
*GPG key for extras.ubuntu.com | *GPG key for extras.ubuntu.com | ||
− | ::<pre>sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv | + | ::<pre>sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 3E5C1192</pre> |
*Search for held packages | *Search for held packages |
Latest revision as of 16:02, 14 May 2019
Contents
Random Info
List of Releases
100% Ram Usage
- Reconfig an interface
service network-interface restart INTERFACE=eth1
- Increase SSH timeout to 24 hours. Edit /etc/ssh/sshd_config
ClientAliveInterval 120 ClientAliveCountMax 720
- Remove host keys
rm /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*
- Generate new ones
dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server
Cool font: Bitstream Charter
- Fix Ubuntu's misconfigured network wait. Edit and change 5min to 15sec:
/etc/systemd/system/network-online.targets.wants/networking.service
Minimal Install
Note: It may be better to simply run aptitude -R install ubuntu-desktop.
- Install via Expert Mode and when you reach the task selector, choose only openssh and then continue.
- The packages you will need in order to have a basic Unity desktop are:
- unity
- unity-greeter
- ubuntu-artwork
- gnome-session
- xorg
- graphic's drivers
- notify-osd
- gdebi
RAM Saving Tips
- Replace getty with a single ngetty process. Instructions
PKG Management
- GPG key for extras.ubuntu.com
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 3E5C1192
- Search for held packages
aptitude search ~ahold
12.04 Sources.list
- This is every repo you'll need for a normal ubuntu installation.
###### Ubuntu Main Repos deb http://demandgig.nexus.lan/repos/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse ###### Ubuntu Update Repos deb http://demandgig.nexus.lan/repos/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://demandgig.nexus.lan/repos/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://demandgig.nexus.lan/repos/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse ###### Ubuntu Extras Repo deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
Networking
- The file /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules explains why Ubuntu handles network adapters so well.
- Best way to restart networking in 14.04 until the bug "feature" is fixed.
(ifdown eth0 ; ifup eth0) & or ifdown eth0 & sleep 5 & ifup eth0
- Example network config
iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.3.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.3.1 dns-search example.com sales.example.com dns-nameservers 192.168.3.45 192.168.8.10
Kernels
Kernel Install
Via Apt
- There are two main packages needed to install or upgrade a kernel
- The image will install the actual kernel
- The headers will allow other packages to build modules against it
- aptitude install linux-image-{server/generic}-{kernel type and name} linux-headers-{server/generic}-{kernel type and name}
Via DPKG
- Download headers, headers-generic and image from the Ubuntu Kernel Devs.
- Download the most recent linux-firmware from the Kernel Firmware Repo.
- Install via dpkg -i *.deb
Kernel Removal
Don't forget to turn the safety off when you're ready to run these commands.
Ubuntu:
dpkg -l linux-headers-* linux-image-* linux-signed-* | awk '/^ii/{ print $2}' | grep -v -e `uname -r | cut -f1,2 -d"-"` | grep -e '[0-9]' | xargs aptitude purge
User Management
List Users
- View password status for all accounts
- grep "/bin/bash" /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f1 | xargs -l passwd -S
- View password status for all accounts that have home folders
- grep /home /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f1 | xargs -l passwd -S > ./user
- grep /bin/bash /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f1 | xargs -l passwd -S >> ./users
- sort ./users | uniq -d
Create A New User
1. Create the new user and set their initial password.
adduser {username}
- The details are optional and can be left blank
2. If the user needs admin rights, add them to the admin group.
- 10.04
usermod -a -G admin {username}
- 12.04
usermod -a -G sudo {username}
3. (Optional) Force a password change at next log on.
chage -d 0 {username}
Delete a User
1. (Optional) Search for files owned by the user.
find / -user {username} -iname "*"
2. Delete the user's account and home folder.
userdel -r {username}
Recovery
GRUB
Add the following to /etc/default/grub to increase console resultion.
In ESXi 6.5 with Ubuntu 16.04 I had to disable quiet and splash kernel args in order to avoid a black screen.
GRUB_GFXMODE="1152x864x32" GRUB_GFXPAYLOAD_LINUX=keep
Let's say, for a moment, that you needed to re-install windows (because that happens sometimes) but don't want to re-install Ubuntu in the process. Good news is you don't have to.
1. Boot into a live CD or live USB environment. Technically, you just need a live linux environment, but it's easiest with the Ubuntu live session.
2. Mount your boot partition in /mnt. If your boot and root partitions are different, mount them both. Not sure this is technically required, but boot is certainly required.
3. Install grub back to the MBR of the BIOS boot drive. It's safe to install to all drives if you don't know which drive your BIOS boots from. Replace the X below with your desired drive letter.
grub-install --boot-directory=/mnt/boot /dev/sdX
4. If you've modified the partitions in any way you'll need to run update-grub (only available in Ubuntu).